"sellen" meaning in Middle English

See sellen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈsɛlən/, /ˈsilən/, /ˈzylən/ (note: Southern, Southwest Midlands), /ˈsylən/ (note: Southern, Southwest Midlands)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English sellan, from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|sellan|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English sellan, {{inh+|enm|ang|sellan}} Inherited from Old English sellan, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*salljan}} Proto-West Germanic *salljan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*saljaną|t=to give}} Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} sellen, {{enm-verb|selleth|sellynge|solde|sold}} sellen (third-person singular simple present selleth, present participle sellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative solde, past participle sold) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|sell|sold|3s2=selth|c=irr|c2=de}} Forms: selleth [present, singular, third-person], sellynge [participle, present], solde [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], sold [participle, past], irregular weak [table-tags], sellen [infinitive], to sellen [infinitive], selle [infinitive], selle [first-person, present, singular], solde [first-person, past, singular], selde [first-person, past, singular], sellest [present, second-person, singular], soldest [past, second-person, singular], seldest [past, second-person, singular], selleth [present, singular, third-person], selth [present, singular, third-person], solde [past, singular, third-person], selde [past, singular, third-person], selle [present, singular, subjunctive], solde [past, singular, subjunctive], selde [past, singular, subjunctive], selle [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], sellen [plural, present], selle [plural, present], solden [past, plural], solde [past, plural], selden [past, plural], selde [past, plural], selleth [imperative, plural, present], selle [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], sellynge [participle, present], sellende [participle, present], sold [participle, past], seld [participle, past], ysold [participle, past], yseld [participle, past], sel [alternative], selle [alternative], sellyn [alternative], sillen [alternative], sille [alternative], syllen [alternative], seollen [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sullan [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sellenn [alternative, Ormulum], cellyn [alternative], zelle [alternative, Kent], sulle [alternative], sullen [alternative], suylle [alternative], seolle [alternative]
  1. To grant; to confer or bestow:
    To gift; to give or confer a present.
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-ozObf2I4
  2. To grant; to confer or bestow:
    To serve or administer; to give comestibles.
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-b6i5xOqC
  3. To grant; to confer or bestow:
    To sacrifice or hand over (one's life)
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-k8YebtCa Categories (other): Trading Disambiguation of Trading: 7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7
  4. To sell; to make a sale or transaction:
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-FVzVmPWO
  5. To sell; to make a sale or transaction:
    To market; to put up for sale.
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-aweAo15b Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 21 2 4 2 2 11 2 15 2 2 2 11 1 17 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 1 5 2 1 14 1 18 1 1 1 13 1 21 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3
  6. To sell; to make a sale or transaction:
    To sell into slavery; to enslave for money.
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-MkKEbuQC Categories (other): Slavery, Trading Disambiguation of Slavery: 2 5 2 1 4 68 5 5 7 2 Disambiguation of Trading: 7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7
  7. (usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).
    (religion) To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell.
    Tags: negative, usually
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-XJcTisMc Categories (other): Religion, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Death, Emotions, Religion, Trading Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 21 2 4 2 2 11 2 15 2 2 2 11 1 17 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 1 5 2 1 14 1 18 1 1 1 13 1 21 5 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3 Disambiguation of Death: 0 4 0 0 10 4 66 9 8 0 Disambiguation of Emotions: 2 9 2 1 35 2 45 2 1 2 Disambiguation of Religion: 0 0 9 0 0 0 91 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Trading: 7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7 Topics: lifestyle, religion
  8. (usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).
    (figuratively) To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)
    Tags: figuratively, negative, usually
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-o9IcSw-v Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Trading Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3 Disambiguation of Trading: 7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7
  9. To betray; to give up or hand over (usually a person)
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-cugsLq4a Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Trading Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3 Disambiguation of Trading: 7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7
  10. To get revenge (for a transgression or wrong).
    Sense id: en-sellen-enm-verb-pBkLERah
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: sellere

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "sellen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sell"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "sell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sellan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sellan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sellan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sellan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*salljan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *salljan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*saljaną",
        "t": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sellan, from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sold",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sold",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysold",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yseld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sillen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "syllen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seollen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sullan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cellyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sullen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seolle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sellen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "selleth",
        "2": "sellynge",
        "3": "solde",
        "4": "sold"
      },
      "expansion": "sellen (third-person singular simple present selleth, present participle sellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative solde, past participle sold)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sell",
        "2": "sold",
        "3s2": "selth",
        "c": "irr",
        "c2": "de"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To gift; to give or confer a present."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-ozObf2I4",
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "gift",
          "gift"
        ],
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To serve or administer; to give comestibles."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-b6i5xOqC",
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "serve",
          "serve"
        ],
        [
          "administer",
          "administer"
        ],
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "comestible",
          "comestible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Trading",
          "orig": "enm:Trading",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To sacrifice or hand over (one's life)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-k8YebtCa",
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "sacrifice",
          "sacrifice"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              65,
              70
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"How are you, apostles? Why won't you eat? / I was bought and sold today for our food.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 29-30; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:",
          "text": "Wou ſitte ye poſtles. a[n]t wi nule ye ete. / ic am ibouſt a[n]t iſold. to day foꝛ oure mete.",
          "translation": "\"How are you, apostles? Why won't you eat? / I was bought and sold today for our food.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              32
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              31
            ]
          ],
          "english": "[…] so nobody could buy or sell [anything] unless they had the mark, the name of the Beast, or the number denoting his name.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 13:17, folio 122, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "þat no man mai bie eiþ[ir] ſille .· but þei han þe caracter eiþ[ir] þe name of þe beeſte · eiþ[ir] þe nou[m]bꝛe of his name",
          "translation": "[…] so nobody could buy or sell [anything] unless they had the mark, the name of the Beast, or the number denoting his name.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction"
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-FVzVmPWO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 2 4 2 2 11 2 15 2 2 2 11 1 17 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 1 5 2 1 14 1 18 1 1 1 13 1 21 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:",
        "To market; to put up for sale."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-aweAo15b",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market"
        ],
        [
          "put up",
          "put up"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 5 2 1 4 68 5 5 7 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Slavery",
          "orig": "enm:Slavery",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Trading",
          "orig": "enm:Trading",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:",
        "To sell into slavery; to enslave for money."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-MkKEbuQC",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ],
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "slavery",
          "slavery"
        ],
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ],
        [
          "money",
          "money"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "enm:Religion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 2 4 2 2 11 2 15 2 2 2 11 1 17 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 1 5 2 1 14 1 18 1 1 1 13 1 21 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 4 0 0 10 4 66 9 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "enm:Death",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 9 2 1 35 2 45 2 1 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 9 0 0 0 91 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "enm:Religion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Trading",
          "orig": "enm:Trading",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-XJcTisMc",
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction#English"
        ],
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ],
        [
          "consign",
          "consign"
        ],
        [
          "Hell",
          "Hell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "(religion) To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Trading",
          "orig": "enm:Trading",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-o9IcSw-v",
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction#English"
        ],
        [
          "weaken",
          "weaken"
        ],
        [
          "adulterate",
          "adulterate"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "(figuratively) To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "negative",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 7 6 5 25 4 25 12 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 10 11 6 10 11 12 11 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Trading",
          "orig": "enm:Trading",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"I won't betray my Lord for any kind of good, / except for the thirty pieces that he left me.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 22-23; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:",
          "text": "I nul ſulle my louerd foꝛ noneſ cunneſ eiſte. / bote hit be foꝛ þe þritti platen. þat he me bitaiſte.",
          "translation": "\"I won't betray my Lord for any kind of good, / except for the thirty pieces that he left me.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To betray; to give up or hand over (usually a person)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-cugsLq4a",
      "links": [
        [
          "betray",
          "betray"
        ],
        [
          "give up",
          "give up"
        ],
        [
          "hand over",
          "hand over"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To get revenge (for a transgression or wrong)."
      ],
      "id": "en-sellen-enm-verb-pBkLERah",
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "transgression",
          "transgression#English"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɛlən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsilən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzylən/",
      "note": "Southern, Southwest Midlands"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsylən/",
      "note": "Southern, Southwest Midlands"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sellen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English irregular weak verbs",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Death",
    "enm:Emotions",
    "enm:Religion",
    "enm:Slavery",
    "enm:Trading"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sellere"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "sellen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "sell"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "sell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sellan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sellan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sellan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sellan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*salljan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *salljan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*saljaną",
        "t": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sellan, from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sold",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seldest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "solde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selleth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sold",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysold",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yseld",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "selle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sillen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sille",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "syllen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seollen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sullan",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sellenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cellyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sullen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suylle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seolle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sellen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "selleth",
        "2": "sellynge",
        "3": "solde",
        "4": "sold"
      },
      "expansion": "sellen (third-person singular simple present selleth, present participle sellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative solde, past participle sold)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sell",
        "2": "sold",
        "3s2": "selth",
        "c": "irr",
        "c2": "de"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To gift; to give or confer a present."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "gift",
          "gift"
        ],
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To serve or administer; to give comestibles."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "serve",
          "serve"
        ],
        [
          "administer",
          "administer"
        ],
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "comestible",
          "comestible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grant; to confer or bestow:",
        "To sacrifice or hand over (one's life)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "confer",
          "confer"
        ],
        [
          "bestow",
          "bestow"
        ],
        [
          "sacrifice",
          "sacrifice"
        ],
        [
          "hand",
          "hand"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              65,
              70
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              62,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"How are you, apostles? Why won't you eat? / I was bought and sold today for our food.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 29-30; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:",
          "text": "Wou ſitte ye poſtles. a[n]t wi nule ye ete. / ic am ibouſt a[n]t iſold. to day foꝛ oure mete.",
          "translation": "\"How are you, apostles? Why won't you eat? / I was bought and sold today for our food.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              32
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              27,
              31
            ]
          ],
          "english": "[…] so nobody could buy or sell [anything] unless they had the mark, the name of the Beast, or the number denoting his name.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 13:17, folio 122, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "þat no man mai bie eiþ[ir] ſille .· but þei han þe caracter eiþ[ir] þe name of þe beeſte · eiþ[ir] þe nou[m]bꝛe of his name",
          "translation": "[…] so nobody could buy or sell [anything] unless they had the mark, the name of the Beast, or the number denoting his name.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:",
        "To market; to put up for sale."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market"
        ],
        [
          "put up",
          "put up"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To sell; to make a sale or transaction:",
        "To sell into slavery; to enslave for money."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ],
        [
          "sale",
          "sale"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction"
        ],
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "slavery",
          "slavery"
        ],
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ],
        [
          "money",
          "money"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Religion"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction#English"
        ],
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ],
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ],
        [
          "consign",
          "consign"
        ],
        [
          "Hell",
          "Hell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "(religion) To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "negative",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give",
          "give"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "transaction",
          "transaction#English"
        ],
        [
          "weaken",
          "weaken"
        ],
        [
          "adulterate",
          "adulterate"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose"
        ],
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).",
        "(figuratively) To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "negative",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "\"I won't betray my Lord for any kind of good, / except for the thirty pieces that he left me.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 22-23; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 29 May 2019:",
          "text": "I nul ſulle my louerd foꝛ noneſ cunneſ eiſte. / bote hit be foꝛ þe þritti platen. þat he me bitaiſte.",
          "translation": "\"I won't betray my Lord for any kind of good, / except for the thirty pieces that he left me.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To betray; to give up or hand over (usually a person)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "betray",
          "betray"
        ],
        [
          "give up",
          "give up"
        ],
        [
          "hand over",
          "hand over"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To get revenge (for a transgression or wrong)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get",
          "get"
        ],
        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "transgression",
          "transgression#English"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɛlən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsilən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈzylən/",
      "note": "Southern, Southwest Midlands"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsylən/",
      "note": "Southern, Southwest Midlands"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sellen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sellen meaning in Middle English (11.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''To sell; to make a sale or tra'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "sellen"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "sellen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.